With the introduction of Edelbrock's new generation of small-block Chevy Performer manifolds in the late 1990s, it was apparent that the earlier accepted design practice was being seriously questioned. Past ideas that did not hold up appear to have been totally abandoned. The question we are asking here is, is there a real benefit to the new thinking and if so where, and by how much?
Stock Manifold Capability
In terms of low-speed output,
the stock GM Q-Jet manifold does well. With few exceptions, the
aftermarket intakes predating the new Performer series produced less
torque below about 2750 rpm. This tells us that either the stock pieces
are not all bad or that the aftermarket offerings of the day were not
all good.
Analyzing a stock GM intake (Fig. 1) demonstrates mediocre overall flow and flow distribution. Flow tests using a stock head with 180 cfm at 400 thousandths intake lift reveal an average flow drop of almost 20 percent and a 27 percent variation in cylinder-to-cylinder flow. Adding a stock Q-Jet carb to the system reduces flow by a further 7 percent. The old Performer was significantly better than stock and reduced cylinder head flow by only 9.8 percent when tested with the manifold only. Cylinder-to-cylinder flow variation was also less at 17.5 percent. Because of its lower resistance to flow, the Performer put greater demand on the carb so when installed the carb droppped flow by some 7.7 percent.
Running the same tests on the current stock-height non-Air Gap Performer paints a far brighter picture. Installing this on the head drops flow on average by only 6 percent while the flow distribution varies by a little over 9 percent. Again, because the manifold is now allowing the head to communicate greater demands to the carb, installing the carb causes a proportionately greater drop in airflow. The point that is beginning to emerge here is that the better the manifold, the greater the carb airflow required to effectively service the system.
Manifold Runner Shapes
It's apparent the current Performer range is far better than than those they replaced and it's easy to see why when runner forms are compared. Although the large radius turns of the latest Performer can be seen externally, the full extent of the differences are really apparent when runner casting core shapes are compared. Fig. 2 shows the conceptual difference in port form of a stock intake, the first version of the Performer, and the current design. The new range of Performer intakes considerably out flows its predecessors and does so with port cross sections smaller than ealier designs, though it is still larger than the stock manifold.
For the small-block Chevy, Performer manifolds are available in three main forms (Performer, Performer RPM and Performer RPM Air Gap), each of which has its own sub-groups to utilize a variety of carbs including Edelbrock's Q-Jet and Performer series, Holley and Demon carbs. To determine which might suit your requirements, get an Edlebrock catalog or hit their web site. Our first tests here were done on a regular Performer which has a carb pad near stock height. The Performer RPM and RPM Air Gap are about one inch taller and do flow better.
Basic Motor Dyno Tests
Initial tests with a regular
Performer on a basic low-compression 350 with stock exhaust clearly
shows the big improvement achieved over earlier Performer designs. As
Fig. 3 shows, the Performer, unlike its predecessor and most other
manifolds, actually picked up a little low-speed torque over the stock
manifold.
High Output Potential
To establish the top-end
capability, a freshly-overhauled 383 small-block Chevy mule with a
7,700-rpm redline was used. Equipped with a port-matched, but otherwise
stock single four-barrel Holley Strip Dominator of proven function, this
motor cranked out 560hp. The intent here is to test manifold
capability, not carb and manifold combinations. Achieving this meant
each manifold must be paired with the optimal carb for that intake
manifold, leaving only the manifold as a variable. This was done by
testing with a variety of carb sizes and booster designs and for help in
this area thanks must go to long-time Holley carb guru Norm Scenck.
Flow & Dyno Tests
Having baslined and optimized the
383 on the Holley intake equipped with a high-flow Holley carb, the next
move was a precision port match on the Performer to the 383's heads.
With this job done, a head from the 383 was used to make a flow
comparison between the Holley race manifold and the Performer RPM. Our
intent here is to demonstrate the importance of proper carb sizing
because with a dual-plane 180-degree intake design, it's likely to be
higher than you may expect. The results, Fig. 4, highlight the need for
optimal carb selection for a given manifold. Because a 180 design
divides the carb capacity in two (each cylinder seeing only half the
carb's flow capability) the Performer range will be more sensitive to
carb cfm than a single-plane race manifold (such as this Holley Strip
Dominator). Installing a 914-cfm modified Holley carb dropped the race
manifold's flow from an average of 245 cfm (column 2) to 241 cfm (column
3). The total flow reduction with the carb and manifold in place was
1.6 percent. Substituting the 914-cfm carb for a 1020-cfm carb reduced
the flow loss to .82 percent (column 4).
The same tests on the bare Performer RPM showed its less-direct port routing caused a greater flow reduction at 4.9 percent (column 5, compared with column 2). Adding the 914-cfm carb to the race manifold produced an additional loss of only 1.6 percent but this same carb on the Performer RPM caused the flow loss to increase an additional 3.7 percent with it going up from 4.9 percent to 8.6 percent (column 6).
Substituting the 914-cfm carb for the 1020-cfm carb on the race manifold reduced the flow loss due to the presence of the carb to 0.82 percent of that shown by the bare manifold. This same carb on the Performer, where its flow, due to the 180 degree design, is cut in two, showed a 1.2 percent loss over the bare manifold. These figures serve to demonstrate how much more sensitive a two-plane manifold is to carb flow compared to a single-plane manifold. On the dyno, the Performer-equipped 383 produced 534 hp and outpaced the race manifold up to 4,900 rpm by a healthy margin. As far as top end is concerned, the 1020-cfm carb and Performer RPM hung on right up to the 7,400-rpm limit of the test, thus proving it has way more top-end cabability than can normally be expected of a two-plane street manifold.
Real Street Test
So far we have looked at the Performer's capabilities at the extreme
ends of the engine spectrum. Now it's time to get real and bolt one,
this time an RPM Air Gap model, to an engine that broadly represents the
majority of applications it is likley to go on. For this the dyno mule
was reconfigured. The fully-ported Sportsman II heads were replaced with
a set of un-ported 195 Canfield heads which produced a 10:1 compression
ratio with flattop pistons. Ninety-two octane unleaded pump fuel stoked
the fire and exhaust dumped through 1.75-inch Hooker headers. Ignition
was by a Performance Distributors HEI with a 9000 rpm capability. The
Comp Cams valve train was run with both a 270 and a 280 degree hydraulic
cam on 107 degree LCA, in at a 103 degree intake centerline. Before
getting into test results, some serious credit needs to be issued to
people who helped make this test happen. Speed shop boss Tony Brown of
Atlantic Racing in Charlotte, North Carolina, loaned us an intake out of
stock so we had a manifold on the spot. Crew chief
Mervyn Bonnett, Bob Mc Donald and his cousin Derrick McDonald rushed in
to provide much-needed manpower to overcome a lot of weather-related
obsticles.
Every street guy wants the most power possible, so the Performer RPM Air Gap was pitted against the best in the Vizard arsenal: a Keith Wilson-modified Victor Jr. This, in ten years, has never been beaten for max output. For carburetion, both a 750 Road Demon and an 850 Race Demon were tested. Plug coloration indicated the Performer port forms favored certain cylinders for fuel. To compensate and maximize power with whichever carb was used, some stagger jetting as per Fig. 6 was employed. Fig. 7 shows the results with the 270 degree cam and the 750 Road Demon. As shown, the Air Gap Performer out-performed the Keith Wilson-modified Victor Jr. all the way up to 4,750 rpm.
On the low end, the Victor-equipped 383 could be pulled down to 1,800 rpm but with the Performer's greater torque the lower limit was 1,900 rpm where some 25 additional lbs.-ft. were seen. At the top end the Performer only gave away a little over 13 hp to the tricked-out Victor Jr. A test with the 850 Race Demon showed the carb/manifold combination to be credibly capable of just as much torque with either manifold down at 1900 rpm but only a scant more power at the top end. What this told us is that the head/cam combination's air demand was being met with the 750 Road Demon (which, when tested, flowed near 800 cfm).
When the 280 cam was installed, the 383's hp, when Air Gap Perfomer-equipped, climbed from a peak of 443 to 457. Best power this time by a 7 hp advantage went to the bigger 850 Demon. By contrast, the power with the tricked-out Victor went from 455 to 488, again with the bigger carb. At this point the advantage of the Keith Wilson manifold was starting to tell over the otherwise out-of-the-box Air Gap Performer. A look at the torque tells another story and one more relevant to street performance: At 1,900 rpm, the Air Gap Performer was down on torque by a barely-measurable amount, but our 383, when Victor equipped, was down by some 25 lbs.-ft. Translation--the Performer RPM Air Gap allowed the use of the larger 280 cam and 850 carb with almost zero penalty at low rpm.
The Air Gap Difference
Exactly what is the Air Gap's air
gap worth? Temperature testing with an infrared heat gun revealed much.
First, the heat soak from a hot engine will, in about 10 minutes, bring
the runners of the Air Gap manifold up to that of a non-air gap one.
Under full-power conditions, the runners of either type of manifold drop
and stabilize after about 15-20 seconds at full throttle, but the Air
Gap manifold drops (depending on ambient conditions) about 20 degrees
more at 2,500 rpm and about 15 more at 5,500 rpm. The net worth of this
in output is about 6 lbs.-ft. at 2,500 rpm and about 4 lbs.-ft. at
5,500. Nevertheless, there is an overriding concern here. If the carb
being used has inadequate fuel atomization, the cooler runners can
actually detract from output, so be sure to use a carb that does a good
job on mixture preparation.
Conclusions
The bottom line here is that Edelbrock's
Chevy Performer range of manifolds delivers everthing they claim and
then some! The difference in top-end power is not an issue for a genuine
fully streetable performance machine. Using a drag strip simulation
program revealed that a typical 3,200-lb. automatic trans car with a
sane street converter was faster down the strip than a Victor-equipped
variant. It made enough extra ground at the start that it was
uncatchable until way past the end of the strip and by then the race is
over! If your requirement is for a real street performer, then a
Performer is what you had best check out.
RPM | Cast | Ported | Cast | Ported | Cast | Ported |
6,200 | 591 | 595 | 594 | 598 | 600 | 605 |
Consider the complete engine as a flow system, and it becomes clear that the pathway does not begin and end at the cylinder head. Bolt an intake manifold to a fully prepped cylinder head, and the two become one as far as airflow is concerned. Guys tend to take it for granted that most any aftermarket intake manifold will be more than up for the job, and it can be-but not always. Sometimes the intake flow is not even close, and in most cases there is room for improvement, especially in high-powered applications where the heads are set to kill. Here is where Manifold Man Mulvey persuasively argues that custom manifold work can up the power ante. We asked him to put his manifolds where his mouth is and show us the numbers, and he did, convincingly.
Using a Dr. J's adapter and blowing into the plenum, Manifold Man Bryce Mulvey prepares to test an Edelbrock Super Victor intake. The flow adapter simulates the throttle bores of a 4150 carb.>
Raw Flow
Very few performance shops flow-test
intake manifolds, primarily because the setup can be awkward and
time-consuming. To simplify things, Dr. J's manufactures flow adapters
that make this a quick and easy procedure; they're available for
mounting 4150, 4500, and spread bore intakes on a SuperFlow bench. The
arrangement sets the manifold up in a blow-through configuration,
allowing each port in an intake manifold to be tested in rapid
succession. While some perceive this flow procedure with misgivings,
intuiting that the flow bench is blowing into the manifold while the
engine sucks, from the standpoint of airflow volume the only thing that
matters is the pressure differential across the manifold. The bench and
the intake manifold runners don't care which side of the flow system is
providing the force creating the pressure differential.
Flow-testing intakes on the Dr. J's adapter sets the manifold upside down on the bench, allowing seven of the eight runners to be blocked to isolate any individual runner for flow evaluation. The configuration also allows easy access to the runner for velocity probing, greatly aiding in the development process in search of improved flow. Mulvey points out that the manifold adapters are designed with four radiused-entry orifices that mimic the placement of the throttle bores on the corresponding carburetor configuration, thus simulating the airflow entering the manifold with a carburetor. The placement of the throttle bores has an influence on the airflow into the plenum, as well as runner-to-runner airflow distribution.
Flow-bench testing with the manifold mounted to the head is a time-consuming and arduous process, especially if all eight runners are going to be flowed. Mulvey spot-checked our six test manifolds at peak intake port flow, which equated to 0.750-inch valve lift, testing the No. 6 runner only.>
So what do the numbers show? We spent the afternoon at Dr. J's and tested some of the most popular Edelbrock intakes for the small-block Chevrolet, flowing both the as-cast intakes as well as one that had received the full porting treatment. Up for evaluation were Edelbrock's Performer RPM Air-Gap, the Victor Jr., and the Super Victor. The accompanying manifold flow chart shows our resulting numbers. As can be seen, there is substantial room for flow improvements with the full porting treatment, bringing the manifolds' raw flow in line with the capacity of high-end cylinder heads.
Head/Manifold Combo
While raw numbers are a
good development tool for the manifold and cylinder heads in isolation,
testing each alone leaves out the context of the combined manifold/head
flow path. A look at the collective flow of the intake and cylinder head
offers further clues relative to the potential performance gains. Of
course we needed a set of cylinder heads to test with, and we reasoned
that high-flowing heads would offer more of a challenge to the
manifolds' capacity than a lesser pair. Mulvey fully ported a well-used
set of AFR 210 cylinder heads, creating the airflow values recorded in
our cylinder-head flow chart. These are strong numbers for a 23-degree
Chevy cylinder head, and as the data shows, the peak intake flow is in
excess of the as-cast capacity of the manifolds.
In testing as a combination, we found some interesting effects. To abridge the procedure, all of the intakes were tested only on the No. 6 runner and at the cylinder head's peak airflow valve lift of 0.750 inch. Interestingly, we did not find a direct correlation between the individual flow of the components and the overall flow of the intake/cylinder-head combination. The as-cast RPM and Victor Jr. tested individually flowed far less than the intake port, while the combined flow showed that the cylinder head enhanced airflow through the manifold. Clearly the manifold losses were reduced with an increase in intake flow capacity, as illustrated by the significant gains in combined flow with the fully ported intakes. The real question was how this would relate to power production. It was time to hit the dyno to find out.
In numerous dyno tests we have found that a tapered spacer such as this Wilson unit adds power. While the bench was running, Mulvey stacked one under the radius plate on the ported Victor Jr. and saw the flow jump about 4 cfm.>
Power Numbers
Testing manifolds requires an
engine with enough draw on airflow demand to make a difference. Take a
400-horse or lesser motor, and you can run the gambit of manifolds and
potentially see very little change to the power curve to distinguish
intakes of the same basic configuration. The word to key on here is
configuration, since airflow is far from the sole determining factor in
power output. Variables like port shape, runner taper, cross-sectional
area, and runner length will all influence the power curve; however,
within a given intake configuration, more airflow is normally going to
be better, particularly if the entire engine combination can utilize the
additional air.
Our test engine was a 410ci piece with sufficient capacity to tax the induction system. Based upon a production 400 block, the engine was built by Mike Morgan using the same Dr. J's ported AFR 210 cylinder heads we used for our airflow evaluation. The engine was expected to produce about 600 hp. At that power level, we'd likely see the influence of the ported intakes on overall power output, particularly at higher rpm, when airflow demand is at its greatest. Our testing included the same manifolds as tested in our airflow evaluation, in as-cast and ported form. The outcome is shown in the dyno results table.
It was surprising to see how well the dual-plane RPM Air-Gap intake performed at this power and rpm level. We noted the expected torque gains with this intake configuration, as seen by the strong low-end numbers. Ported, the Air-Gap gained in high-rpm power, putting it in the league of the stock single-plane manifolds in top-end horsepower, cracking the 600hp barrier. While the lower end of the rpm range seemed to lose some ground with the ported dual-plane, the overall torque numbers were still much stronger than those of any single-plane manifolds. Strong even in stock form, for an all-around intake, the ported RPM Air-Gap is hard to beat.
With six intakes to test and little more than an afternoon to do it after setting the engine up on the dyno and breaking it in for a baseline, we were appreciative of Mulvey's hustle on the parts changing. Here the stock Victor Jr. is removed to make way for the ported version, which was worth 14 extra horsepower peak to peak.>
Looking at the single-plane manifold results, the power gains came into play at a lower rpm range than with the dual-planes. The Victor Jr. picked up a remarkable 14 hp peak to peak with porting. The significant gain suggests that the engine was hungry for the added airflow. While the results with the Victor Jr. were predictable based upon the large gains in raw manifold flow on the bench and the highest combined flow gain for a head/manifold combo, the Super Victor results were startling.
The Super Victor seemed to be the ideal intake for this engine combination, making more power as-cast throughout the curve than the Victor Jr., and the most peak power of the as-cast manifolds. We had to wonder how much room to the upside remained, given the strong as-cast performance. Mulvey swung his ported Super Victor in place, and we found a sizzling 615 hp for a 13hp gain in peak output. With this ported intake the power curve showed strong numbers throughout the rpm range tested.>
We would have expected the Super Victor to be handicapped at the lower end of the rpm range compared to the Victor Jr., but the numbers proved otherwise. In both stock and ported form the Super Victor showed superior numbers compared to its little brother, making it a better choice on our engine combination. With porting, the total flow of the ported Super Victor was higher than with any other manifold, and our best guess was that this manifold would be the horsepower leader. That said, since the as-cast airflow was also much higher than the other manifolds, we had to wonder whether the porting would show as much benefit as it had with the Victor Jr. The dyno told the story here, showing a peak-to-peak gain of 13 hp, very close to the improvement in top-end output seen with the Victor Jr.
Our testing left little to the imagination when considering the possible benefits with manifold porting. Squeezing an extra 13-14 hp from this type of engine combination isn't an easy task, and few would have guessed we would have found it by taking a carbide bit to these already excellent intake manifolds.
Manifold Flow Chart | ||||||
Intake | RPM Air-Gap | Victor Jr. | Super Victor | |||
Cast | Ported | Cast | Ported | Cast | Ported | |
Runner | ||||||
1 | 214 | 288 | 241 | 295 | 300 | 345 |
2 | 224 | 308 | 243 | 302 | 293 | 351 |
3 | 221 | 312 | 241 | 286 | 276 | 341 |
4 | 208 | 282 | 243 | 301 | 271 | 357 |
5 | 218 | 304 | 250 | 305 | 277 | 352 |
6 | 213 | 288 | 230 | 287 | 277 | 341 |
7 | 210 | 286 | 246 | 300 | 290 | 355 |
8 | 220 | 306 | 235 | 299 | 295 | 346 |
Note: Compares bare manifold flow in as-cast form to Dr. J's porting. Includes full plenum porting, runner streamlining/resizing, and gasket match to Fel-Pro No. 1206 gasket.
Head/Manifold Combination Airflow Chart
Ported AFR 210 head/various manifolds
CFM @ 28 inches water
SuperFlow 600 Bench
Runner No. 6 @ 0.750-inch valve lift
Intake | CFM As-Cast | CFM Ported | Difference |
Performer RPM Air-Gap | 251 | 267 | +16 CFM |
Victor Jr. | 247 | 276 | +29 CFM |
Super Victor | 258 | 282 | +24 CFM |
Air Consumption Results
SuperFlow air-turbine
Recorded CFM air consumption
Recorded Air Consumption CFM @ 7,000 rpm | ||
Manifold | As-Cast | Ported |
Air-Gap | 728 | 743 |
Victor Jr. | 750 | 772 |
Super Victor | 769 | 783 |
Cylinder Head Flow Chart
AFR 210 Ported by Dr. J's
CFM Port Flow @ 28 inches water
SuperFlow 600 Bench
Intake | Exhaust | |
Lift | ||
0.100 | 72 | 58 |
0.200 | 145 | 113 |
0.300 | 194 | 152 |
0.400 | 242 | 198 |
0.500 | 272 | 225 |
0.600 | 289 | 240 |
0.700 | 298 | 247 |
0.750 | 301 | 251 |
Dyno Results
410 small-block Chevrolet
SuperFlow 901 engine dyno
Tested at Westech Performance Group
Horsepower | ||||||
RPM Air-Gap | Victor Jr. | Super Victor | ||||
RPM | Cast | Ported | Cast | Ported | Cast | Ported |
3,600 | 347 | 343 | 332 | 329 | 333 | 329 |
3,800 | 383 | 378 | 364 | 358 | 366 | 366 |
4,000 | 416 | 411 | 394 | 390 | 395 | 394 |
4,200 | 443 | 438 | 422 | 419 | 422 | 420 |
4,400 | 466 | 462 | 448 | 444 | 448 | 448 |
4,600 | 487 | 483 | 471 | 468 | 470 | 471 |
4,800 | 507 | 503 | 493 | 492 | 493 | 493 |
5,000 | 524 | 521 | 520 | 517 | 517 | 519 |
5,200 | 543 | 540 | 538 | 540 | 539 | 542 |
5,400 | 558 | 557 | 555 | 560 | 554 | 561 |
5,600 | 571 | 569 | 568 | 576 | 571 | 576 |
5,800 | 582 | 581 | 577 | 582 | 581 | 586 |
6,000 | 589 | 586 | 588 | 589 | 590 | 595 |
6,200 | 591 | 595 | 594 | 598 | 600 | 605 |
6,400 | 594 | 600 | 598 | 604 | 601 | 608 |
6,600 | 592 | 600 | 597 | 613 | 602 | 613 |
6,800 | 583 | 592 | 599 | 511 | 600 | 615 |
7,000 | 572 | 585 | 588 | 609 | 592 | 611 |